Toxicity bioassay and sub-lethal effects of diazinon on blood profile and histology of liver, gills and kidney of catfish, Clarias gariepinus / Toxicidade bioensaio e efeitos sub-letais do diazinon no perfil sangüíneo e histologia do fígado, brânquias e rim de peixe-gato, clarias gariepinus

Abstract The catfish, Clarias gariepinus, was exposed to different acute concentrations (5-10 mg/l) of diazinon and the Lc50 value was recorded as high as 7.3 mg/l for 96 hours. The fishes exposed to three sub-lethal levels of diazinon (0.73, 1.095 and 1.46 mg/l) for 30 days showed that the pesticide induces changes in different blood parameters. Number of red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin level and haematocrit values were elevated whereas white blood cells (WBC) count was reduced. Various blood indices like mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobine (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobine concentration (MCHC) vary insignificantly in the fish treated with diazinon. Glucose level and activity level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was increased in Clarias gariepinus exposed to diazinon. Protein level in plasma of fish treated with pesticide was changed but the change was insignificant. Histological changes in the liver, gills and kidney of fishes exposed to diazinon were apparent when compared to control. Hepatocytes necrosis and bleeding were more distinct in the fishes exposed to pesticide. Glomerulus hypertrophy and bleeding in kidneys; and fusion and degeneration of secondary lamellae and epithelial hyperplasia in gills were also observed in the exposed fish.

Resumo O peixe-gato, Clarias gariepinus, foi exposto a diferentes concentrações agudas (5-10 mg / l) de diazinon e o valor de Lc50 foi registrado tão alto quanto 7,3 mg / l por 96 horas. Os peixes expostos a três níveis sub-letais de diazinon (0,73, 1,095 e 1,46 mg / l) por 30 dias mostraram que o pesticida induz mudanças nos diferentes parâmetros sanguíneos. O número de glóbulos vermelhos, o nível de hemoglobina e os valores do hematócrito foram elevados, enquanto a contagem de leucócitos foi reduzida. Vários índices sanguíneos, como volume corpuscular médio (VCM), hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM) variam insignificantemente nos peixes tratados com diazinon. Nível de glicose e nível de atividade de AST e ALT foi aumentado em Clarias gariepinus expostos a diazinon. O nível de proteína no plasma de peixes tratados com pesticidas foi alterado, mas a mudança foi insignificante. Alterações histológicas no fígado, brânquias e rins de peixes expostos ao diazinon foram aparentes quando comparados ao controle. A necrose e o sangramento de hepatócitos foram mais distintos nos peixes expostos ao agrotóxico. Hipertrofia do glomérulo e sangramento nos rins; e fusão e degeneração de lamelas secundárias e hiperplasia epitelial em brânquias também foram observadas nos peixes expostos.

Haematological assessment of four amazonian ornamental armoured catfish (Teleostei, Loricariidae) / Avaliação hematológica em quatro acaris ornamentais amazônicos (Teleostei, Loricariidae)

The aim of this study was to characterize the haematological profile of four Amazonian ornamentalfreshwater armoured catfish: acari-bola (Peckoltia oligospila - L06), acari-pleco (Cochliodon sp. - L145), acari-canoa(Lasiancistrus saetiger - L323) and acari-assacu (Pseudocanthicus spinosus - L160). The highest blood glucose levels(72.47 ± 28.7 mg dL-1) and erythrocyte counts (0.51 ± 0.2 x 106 cel. μL-1) were recorded for acari-canoa. Theacari-bola and acari-pleco presented similar concentrations of total plasma protein (TPP) (7.96 ± 1.8 and 7.93 ±1.8 g dL-1, respectively) against lower TPP concentrations observed in acari-canoa (4.87 ± 1.5 g dL-1) and acariassacu(6.55 ± 1.5 g dL-1). The acari-assacu had lower total haemoglobin concentration (5.88 ± 1.7 g dL-1) andhaematocrit (12.66 ± 4.6%). No interspecific differences were observed in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) andmean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The acari-pleco and acari-assacu presented the highestcounts for neutrophils (4142.42 ± 3280.1 cel. μL-1) and thrombocytes (4778.33 ± 1224.8 cel. μL-1), respectively.The haematological profiles were similar to those reported in the literature for freshwater fish and the interspecificdifferences observed were discussed.

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os perfis hematológicos de quatro espécies de acarisornamentais da região amazônica: acari-bola (Peckoltia oligospila - L06), acari-pleco (Cochliodon sp. - L145), acaricanoa(Lasiancistrus saetiger - L323) e acari-assacu (Pseudocanthicus spinosus - L160). Os maiores níveis de glicose(72,47 ± 28,7 mg dL-1) e contagem de eritrócitos (0,51 ± 0,2 x 106 cel. μL-1) foram encontrados no acari-canoa. Oacari-bola e acari-pleco apresentaram concentrações semelhantes de proteína plasmática total (PPT) (7,96 ± 1,8 e7,93 ± 1,8 g dL-1, respectivamente) em oposição às menores concentrações de PPT no acari-canoa (4,87 ±1,5 g dL-1) e acari-assacu (6,55 ± 1,5 g dL-1). Essa última espécie apresentou menor concentração total dehemoglobina (5,88 ± 1,7 g dL-1) e hematócrito (12,66 ± 4,6%). Não foram observadas diferenças significativasentre as quatro espécies nos parâmetros volume corpuscular médio (VCM) e concentração de hemoglobinacorpuscular média (CHCM). O acari-pleco e o acari-assacu apresentaram os maiores valores de neutrófilos(4142,42 ± 3280,1 cel. μL-1) e de trombócitos (4778,33 ± 1224,8 cel. μL-1), respectivamente. Os perfishematológicos foram semelhantes aos relatados na literatura para peixes de água doce e as diferençasinterespecíficas observadas foram discutidas.

Toxicity bioassay and sub-lethal effects of diazinon on blood profile and histology of liver, gills and kidney of catfish, Clarias gariepinus

Abstract The catfish, Clarias gariepinus, was exposed to different acute concentrations (5-10 mg/l) of diazinon and the Lc50 value was recorded as high as 7.3 mg/l for 96 hours. The fishes exposed to three sub-lethal levels of diazinon (0.73, 1.095 and 1.46 mg/l) for 30 days showed that the pesticide induces changes in different blood parameters. Number of red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin level and haematocrit values were elevated whereas white blood cells (WBC) count was reduced. Various blood indices like mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobine (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobine concentration (MCHC) vary insignificantly in the fish treated with diazinon. Glucose level and activity level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was increased in Clarias gariepinus exposed to diazinon. Protein level in plasma of fish treated with pesticide was changed but the change was insignificant. Histological changes in the liver, gills and kidney of fishes exposed to diazinon were apparent when compared to control. Hepatocytes necrosis and bleeding were more distinct in the fishes exposed to pesticide. Glomerulus hypertrophy and bleeding in kidneys; and fusion and degeneration of secondary lamellae and epithelial hyperplasia in gills were also observed in the exposed fish.

Resumo O peixe-gato, Clarias gariepinus, foi exposto a diferentes concentrações agudas (5-10 mg / l) de diazinon e o valor de Lc50 foi registrado tão alto quanto 7,3 mg / l por 96 horas. Os peixes expostos a três níveis sub-letais de diazinon (0,73, 1,095 e 1,46 mg / l) por 30 dias mostraram que o pesticida induz mudanças nos diferentes parâmetros sanguíneos. O número de glóbulos vermelhos, o nível de hemoglobina e os valores do hematócrito foram elevados, enquanto a contagem de leucócitos foi reduzida. Vários índices sanguíneos, como volume corpuscular médio (VCM), hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM) variam insignificantemente nos peixes tratados com diazinon. Nível de glicose e nível de atividade de AST e ALT foi aumentado em Clarias gariepinus expostos a diazinon. O nível de proteína no plasma de peixes tratados com pesticidas foi alterado, mas a mudança foi insignificante. Alterações histológicas no fígado, brânquias e rins de peixes expostos ao diazinon foram aparentes quando comparados ao controle. A necrose e o sangramento de hepatócitos foram mais distintos nos peixes expostos ao agrotóxico. Hipertrofia do glomérulo e sangramento nos rins; e fusão e degeneração de lamelas secundárias e hiperplasia epitelial em brânquias também foram observadas nos peixes expostos.

Blood Profil of Dogs Experimentally Infected with Single Trypanosoma brucei, Ancylostoma caninum and Conjunct Trypanosoma brucei and Ancylostoma caninum and Treatment with Diminazene Aceturate and Mebendazole.

The present study was designed to ascertain the level of haematological alterations in single Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei), Ancylostoma caninum (A. caninum) and conjunct infections of both parasites in dogs and effect of treatment with diminazene aceturate and mebendazole on haematology. Sixteen dogs grouped into 4 of 4 members each were used in the study. Group 1 (GPI) was uninfected (control), GPII was infected with A. caninum, GPIII was infected with T. brucei and GPIV was infected with conjunct infections of T. brucei / A. caninum. Post acclimatization, GPII and GPIV were infected with A. caninum, 2 weeks after GPIII and GPIV were infected with T. brucei. By week 6 post infection, GPII and GPIV were treated with 100 mg of mebendazole given twice daily for 3 days and a repeat given 2 weeks later. GPIII and GPIV were also treated with diminazene aceturate at 7 mg/kg once. Treatment was repeated at week 8 and 9 of the experiment. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decreases in pack cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC) in all the experimental groups (GPII, GPIII and GPIV). The decreases were more in the conjunct group (GPIV) compared to the others. A significant (p < 0.05) decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count was recorded in all the experimental groups (GPII, GPIII and GPIV). It was reflected in significant (p <0.05) decreases in lymphocytes, neutrophil, monocyte, basophil counts in T. brucei infected group. Conversely there were significant (p <0.05) increases in neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte and basophil count but a decrease in lymphocyte count in A. caninum group. The haematological alterations were more in T. brucie group compared to the A. caninum group. Similarly the effect was more in the conjunct T. brucei /A. caninum group compared to the single T. brucei. Treatment with 7 mg/kg diminazene aceturate and 100 mg mebendazole given once daily for 3 days caused some improvement in haematology. These findings would enhance clinicians’ knowledge of the effect of single and mixed infections of T. brucei and A. caninum in dogs.

Hematological and histopathological evaluation of wildlife green turtles (Chelonia mydas) with and without fibropapilloma from the north coast of São Paulo state, Brazil / Avaliação hematológica e histopatológica de tartarugas verdes de vida livre (Chelonia mydas) com e sem fibropapilomas do litoral norte do estado de São Paulo

Blood profiles were determined in 47 juvenile green turtles, Chelonia mydas, from São Paulo northern coast, Brazil. Twenty-nine were affected by fibropapillomas and 18 were tumor free. Complete gross and histopathologic examinations of the fibropapillo were performed in 21 green turtles. Biometrical data, size, location and amount of tumors were recorded. The papillomas varied in morphology, location, size, color and texture. We found hyperplastic stroma, rich in blood vessels and connective tissue with increase in thickness of the dermis. The tumors w0ere classified as papillomas or fibropapillomas according to their epithelial and/or stromal proliferation. The lowest Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (HCM) values were observed in affected turtles.

Realizou-se hemograma de 47 tartarugas verdes, Chelonia mydas, provenientes de uma população de vida livre do litoral do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Dessas, 29 apresentavam fibropapilomas e 18 não apresentavam formação tumoral. Fez-se avaliação macroscópica e histopatológica dos tumores de 21 tartarugas verdes com fibropapilomatose. Foram coletados dados biométricos dos animais, avaliação de tamanho, localização e quantidade dos tumores. As formações papilomatosas apresentaram morfologia, localização, tamanho, coloração e textura variados. Observou-se um estroma hiperplásico, rico em vasos sanguíneos e grande quantidade de tecido conjuntivo, resultando em um espessamento da derme. As formações foram classificadas como papilomas e/ou fibropapilomas, dependendo da proliferação epitelial e/ou de estroma, respectivamente. Os parâmetros hematológicos apresentaram variação, em função do acometimento tumoral, somente para Hemoglobina Corpuscular Média (HCM), sendo observados valores menores em animais com fibropapilomas.

Rauwolfia Serpentina Ameliorates Hyperglycemic, Haematinic and Antioxidant Status in Alloxan- Induced Diabetic Mice.

To investigate the effect of methanolic root extract (MREt) of Rauwolfia serpentina on hyperglycemic, haematinic and antioxidative dysfunction associated with alloxan-induced diabetes. Mice were divided into normal and alloxan-induced diabetic groups, the second group was sub-divided into three MREt (10, 30 & 60mg/kg) treated test groups and three diabetic (distilled water 1ml/kg), negative (0.05% dimethyl sulphoxide 1ml/kg) and positive (glibenclamide 5mg/kg) control groups. Each treatment was done orally for 14 days. The MREt significantly reduced blood glucose level by improving the body weights, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to total hemoglobin (Hb) ratio, red blood cell (RBC) & white blood cell (WBC) counts, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in test groups. Beside this, extract decreases the percent inhibition of catalase (CAT) & superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes and restores the liver function by recovering the total protein concentration and normalizing the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) & alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in test mice. Therefore, MREt ameliorates hyperglycemic, haematinic and antioxidant status in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Further work is still required to find out the active principle in same extract involved in antidiabetic activity.

Valoración diagnóstica de enzimas hepáticas en perfiles bioquímicos sanguíneos de vacas lecheras / Diagnostic assessment of liver enzymes in blood profiles from dairy cows

Objetivo. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la asociación, sensibilidad (Se) y especificidad (Es) de las enzimas glutamato deshidrogenasa (GDH, EC: 1.4.1.3), aspartato aminotransferasa (AST, EC: 2.6.1.1) y g-glutamil transpeptidasa (GGT, EC: 2.3.2.2) como indicadores de daño hepático en perfiles bioquímicos sanguíneos de vacas lecheras. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron los valores de la actividad plasmática de GDH, AST y GGT, obtenidos de 1566 vacas correspondientes a 112 perfiles bioquímicos realizados en rebaños lecheros. Se determinó la asociación entre la actividad de las enzimas y el área bajo la curva (ABC) y la Se y la Es mediante curva ROC considerando la presencia de daño hepático cuando GDH>30 U/L o GGT>39 U/L. Resultados. La AST presentó mayor asociación con la GDH (r=0.55) que la GGT (r=0.44), así como una mayor ABC (p=0.01) al utilizar GDH>30 U/L para indicar daño hepático. El grado de asociación entre AST y GGT fue de r=0.42. La sensibilidad de la AST para detectar daño hepático, utilizando el punto de corte de referencia del laboratorio (>150 U/L), fue inferior que al emplear GGT (>39 U/L). El punto crítico de máxima Se y Es de la curva ROC para daño hepático se obtuvo con AST>110 U/L, valor que incrementó la concordancia diagnóstica con la GDH (Kappa >0.300), pero no con la GGT. Conclusiones. La actividad plasmática de AST en vacas lecheras se asocia mayormente con la de GDH que con la de GGT y su límite de referencia para predecir daño hepático correspondería a >110 U/L.

Objective. The aim of this study was to establish the association, sensibility (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the plasmatic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH, EC: 1.4.1.3), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC: 2.6.1.1) and g-glutamil transpeptidase (GGT, EC: 2.3.2.2) as liver damage markers in blood profiles of dairy cows. Materials and methods. The records of the plasma activity for GDH, AST and GGT obtained from blood profiles taken from 1566 cows from 112 dairy herds. The association between enzymatic activity, area below the curve (ABC), and Se and Sp using a ROC curve were determined, considering liver damage when GDH >30 U/L or GGT >39 U/L. Results. The AST was more likely associated to GDH (r=0.55) than to GGT (r=0.44). AST also had a higher ABC (p=0.01) when using GDH >30 U/L as an indicator of liver damage. The correlation between AST and GGT was of r=0.42. AST Se to detect liver damage with a cut-off level of >150 U/L was lower than the Se of GGT. The critical point for maximum Se and Sp of the ROC curve was obtained with AST>110 U/L and an increase in the diagnostic concordance with GDH (Kappa>0.300), was obtained using this value. Conclusions. Plasma activity of AST is more associated to GDH than to GGT in dairy cows. The cut-off level of plasma activity of AST for liver damage prediction in dairy cows would be >110 U/L.

Perfis clínico e hematológico de camundongos submetidos ao envenenamento escorpiônico experimental por Tityus fasciolatus / Hematological and clinical profiles of mice submitted to experimental poisoning with Tityus fasciolatus venom

Estudou-se o quadro clínico do veneno decorrente do envenenamento por Tityus fasciolatus e sua ação refletida nos componentes hematológicos no modelo murino. Para o estudo do perfil hematológico, foram utilizados 54 camundongos Swiss CF1, machos, com 30g, distribuídos em três grupos (G) (n=18) inoculados via subcutânea com: 50µL de PBS (G1); 24µg de veneno de T. fasciolatus (G2) e 8µg de veneno de T. serrulatus (G3). Cada grupo foi subdividido em três subgrupos (n=6) de acordo com o momento da coleta de sangue que foi estipulada em uma, oito e 24h após a inoculação do veneno, e foram realizados o hemograma e a dosagem de proteínas totais e fracionadas. O veneno de T. fasciolatus na dose de 24µg causou piloereção, comportamento nociceptivo, secreção nasal e oral acentuada, dispneia, prurido na face e reflexos exacerbados. No exame hematológico, foram observadas policitemia relativa e leucocitose com linfocitose.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical picture caused by Tityus fasciolatus and its action reflected in mouse blood profile. To study the blood profile, 54 Swiss CF1 mice, male, 30g, distributed into three groups (G) (n= 18) and inoculated subcutaneously with: 50µl PBS (G1), 24µg of venom of T. fasciolatus (G2) and 8µg venom T. serrulatus (G3) were used. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups (n= 6) according to the time of blood collection that was set at 1h, 8h and 24h after inoculation of the venom, and blood profile, total protein and fractionated were evaluated. The venom of T. fasciolatus at a dose of 24µg caused piloerection, behavior pain, nasal and oral sharp, dyspnea, rash on the face and exaggerated reflexes. In blood profile were observed relative polycythemia, leukocytosis with lymphocytosis.

Perfil hematológico de bovinos experimentalmente inoculados com veneno de Bothrops alternatus / mentally inoculatede experimentally inoculated / with Bothrops alternatus venom

Apesar de ser alto o número de acidentes ofídicos em bovinos, as alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas séricas sãopouco estudadas, especialmente nas três primeiras semanas após o envenenamento. Diante deste contexto, objetivou-senesta pesquisa caracterizar o perfil hematológico e bioquímico sérico de bovinos após a inoculação experimental do venenode Bothrops alternatus. Cinco novilhas mestiças de peso corporal entre 188 e 278kg e idade de 12 a 18 meses receberamna altura média da face cranial do membro anterior direito, entre as articulações umerorradioulnar e do carpo, por viaintramuscular superficial, 0,15mg/kg de veneno de Bothrops alternatus diluído em salina. Coletou-se sangue de todos osanimais antes (tempo zero) e as 3, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168, 240, 405 e 576 horas após inoculação do veneno para avaliaçãodo hemograma, coagulograma e dosagem de proteína total, albumina, globulinas, ureia, creatinina, creatina fosfotransferase,aspartato aminotransferase e gama glutamiltransferase. O veneno de B. alternatus causou intoxicação grave nos bovinos,e foi letal para dois animais às 53 horas e 78 horas. As alterações hematológicas observadas foram: anemia normocíticanormocrômica, leucocitose com neutrofilia com desvio para esquerda regenerativo, linfocitose, aumentos dos tempos decoagulação, de protrombina e de tromboplastina parcial ativada, trombocitopenia e elevação da ureia e das enzimas CPT eAST.

Despite the high number of Bothrops envenomation in cattle, the hematological and biochemical changes are poorly known mainly in the first few weeks after the poisoning. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the bovine blood profile after B. alternatus envenomation. Five crossbred heifers were inoculated with B. alternatus venom (0.15mg/kg) diluted in saline solution, by intramuscular injection, in the mean height of the cranial side of right forelimb, between the joints umerradio-ulnar and carpus. The blood was collected before the beginning of the experiment (zero time) and at 3, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, 168, 240, 405 e 576 hours after inoculation, in order to evaluate the hemogram, coagulogram, total protein, albumine, globulins, urea, creatinine, creatinine phosphokinase (CPT) and aspartate aminotransferase. The B. alternatus venon caused a serious envenomation in catlle and was lethal for two animals at 53 and 78 hours. The blood profile alteratons were normocitic and normocromic anaemia, leucocitosis with neutrophilia, linfocitosis, coagulation time increased, trombocytopenia and elevation in the urea, CPT and AST enzymes.

Hemograma de cães submetidos ao envenenamento experimental por Tityus serrulatus / Canine blood profile after experimental envenomation by Tityus serrulatus

Avaliou-se o hemograma de 12 cães adultos, saudáveis (14,2±5,4kg) após a inoculação de veneno do escorpião amarelo (Tityus serrulatus). Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos (G), com seis em cada: os do GI foram usados como controle e receberam 0,5mL de salina tamponada com fosfato (PBS) por via subcutânea (SC) na face medial da coxa esquerda (FMCE), e os do GII receberam veneno liofilizado do T. serrulatus (250µg/kg) diluído em PBS por via SC na FMCE. Foram realizadas colheitas de sangue com anticoagulante EDTA a 10 por cento antes da inoculação do veneno (T0) e após 2h, (T1), 6h (T2), 12h (T3), 24h (T4), 48h (T5) e 72h (T6), para contagem de eritrócitos, leucócitos e plaquetas em aparelho contador eletrônico e esfregaços sanguíneos para contagem diferencial de leucócitos. Houve aumento significativo (P<0,05) dos valores de eritrócitos, volume globular e hemoglobina 2h e 6h após o envenenamento, devido à contração esplênica decorrente da dor local causada pelo veneno e pela liberação de catecolaminas. Foi observada leucocitose por aumento significativo (P<0,05) de neutrófilos e linfócitos 2h e 6h após o envenenamento. Concluiu-se que o veneno de Tityus serrulatus na dose de 250µg/kg, é capaz de aumentar os valores do eritrograma e do leucograma dos cães, provavelmente devido à dor local, com liberação de catecolaminas.

The canine blood profile after scorpion envenomation was evaluated using 12 healthy mongrel male dogs (14.2±5.4kg) distributed in two groups, with six animals in each: group I (control group) and group II (venom group). The lyophilized yellow scorpion (Tityus serrulatus) venom (250µg/kg) diluted in 0.5mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was given to group II animals by subcutaneous injection, in the medial face of the left thigh. Group I animals received only 0.5mL of PBS, by subcutaneous injection, in the medial face of the left thigh. Blood samples were collected with EDTA before (T0) and 2 (T1), 6 (T2), 12 (T3), 24 (T4), 48 (T5), and 72h (T6) after envenomation. Significant increases (P<0.05) in erythrocytes counting, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration, 2 and 6h after envenomation were observed. Leukocytosis with significant increases (P<0.05) of neutrophils and lymphocytes 2 and 6h after envenomation was found. Then, T. serrulatus venom may induce alterations in blood profile in dogs, probably due to spleen contraction evoked by pain and catecholamines releasing.

Intoxicação experimental com extratos de Mascagnia rigida (Malpighiaceae) em camundongos / Experimental intoxication in mice with extracts of Mascagnia rigida (Malpighiaceae)

Foi realizado o fracionamento químico do extrato aquoso da Mascagnia rigida Griseb., uma importante planta tóxica no Brasil, para se obter cinco substratos ricos em diferentes grupos químicos - alcalóides, flavanóides, taninos, saponinas e açúcares, ácidos orgânicos e aminoácidos -, e investigar a toxicidade dessas frações, exceto a última, em 75 camundongos. Os animais, distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco grupos, receberam: grupo I - alcalóides; grupo II - flavanóides; grupo III - taninos; grupo IV - saponinas e grupo V - placebo, este último funcionando como controle negativo. Todos os grupos, com exceção do grupo-controle, redistribuídos em três subgrupos, A, B e C, com cinco animais cada, receberam, respectivamente, 9g/kg, 18g/kg e 27g/kg de cada substrato. As frações foram fornecidas via oral, diariamente, por sete dias; no sétimo dia, foi coletado sangue para o estudo do perfil sangüíneo e dosagem de enzimas musculares. As frações de alcalóides e taninos foram capazes de causar alteração no perfil enzimático-muscular, com aumento significativo da enzima miocárdica. Observou-se, também, aumento significativo na porcentagem da CK-MB após a administração das frações de saponinas e taninos, comprovando a ação tóxica da M. rigida sobre a fibra muscular cardíaca.

A study was carried out to examine the toxic effects of Mascagnia rigida Griseb. Four classes of compounds were extracted from the plant by phytochemistry study and the individual effect of each one on mice was examined as follows: group I - alkaloids; group II- flavones; group III - tannins; group IV - saponins; and group V - water (control). Each group was further divided in three subgroups, A (9g/kg), B (18g/kg), and C (27g/kg), with five mice orally receiving a particular dose, once per day for one week. On the 7th day, blood was collected and hematological exams and levels of muscle enzymes were analyzed. The results showed that both alkaloids and tannins caused a significant increase in myocardial enzyme. Administration of either saponins or tannins fractions caused an increase of CK-MB enzyme. This study showed that Mascagnia rigida Griseb has the ability to cause damage to myocardial fibers.